Kinematic analysis of syrphid maneuverability

Here we studied the maneuvering flight of some of the most agile of all volant forms (Diptera: Syrphidae). Using three orthonormal placed high-speed (5500 frames per second) digital video cameras to record maneuvers, it was discovered that the kinematic signatures of saccades (axial rotations) performed by syrphids are similar to those described for Drosophila melanogaster. Both groups achieve axial rotations through the use of asymmetry in stroke amplitude between the inner and outer wings (relative to the direction of rotation). Drosophila melanogaster has been found to initiate saccades by increasing the stroke amplitude of the outer wing over that of the inner wing and terminate them by increasing the amplitude of the inner wing over that of the outer wing. This research showed that syrphids appear to be able to initiate saccades with either the inner or outer wing but typically use the inner wing to stop them. This research has also shown that differential timing of the half strokes may also play a significant roll in modulating the rotational forces necessary for maneuvering flight.