Division of labor is an important characteristic of honey bee (Apis mellifera) social behavior. Foraging specialization is a key component of this system, and there is a complex behavioral syndrome associated with pollen versus nectar foraging. Honey bee division of labor is hypothesized to be correlated with worker reproductive physiology. It has been suggested that a major reproductive protein, the yolk precursor vitellogenin, may be involved in the regulation of foraging behavior. Vitellogenin titers are significantly different in genetic strains of honey bees selected for high and low pollen hoarding. Bees from these strains differ in their foraging behavior by preferentially foraging for pollen and nectar, respectively. These results suggest a connection between physiology and foraging behavior. We used RNA interference to suppress expression of vitellogenin in workers from strains of bees selected for levels of pollen hoarding. We found that vitellogenin has a regulatory function in worker honey bees, with bees from the high and low pollen hoarding strains being differentially affected. This suggests that regulation of foraging behavior through vitellogenin is controlled differently in workers genetically predisposed to perform different tasks.