The management of mosquitoes which may vector West Nile virus (WNV) throughout the United States has necessitated using insecticides in areas where they traditionally have not been used, or have not been used as frequently. This has resulted in concerns by the public about the risks from insecticide use. An understanding of the comparative human-health risks for both WNV and associated mosquito control strategies (especially adulticide use) would aid greatly in decision-making by all stakeholders. This presentation discusses the use of the risk assessment paradigm to determine risks for WNV and mosquito adulticides. Tiered, quantitative risk assessment modeling approaches are used. Effects at all relevant exposure durations (such as acute, sub-chronic, and chronic) and all relevant demographic subgroups (such as child, infant, adult female, adult male, age classes, etc.) are used. Specific toxic effects that are assessed and modeled include acute oral, acute dermal, acute inhalation, sub-chronic, chronic, carcinogenicity, developmental, reproductive, neurotoxicity, and genetic toxicity. Insecticide exposures are determined for all relevant population subgroups and all routes of exposure. Finally, risks are assessed by integrating toxicity and exposure, in the form of risk quotients. This allows for comparisons among insecticides and WNV.