Politics, money and misinformation derail IPM: The stories of virus-resistant papaya in Hawaii and Bt eggplant in southeast Asia

Effective March 3, 2014 Hawaii's Big Island banned or severely limited the farming of genetically engineered (GE or GM) crops, including a papaya developed by a native Hawaiian to resist a devastating virus transmitted by aphids.  On February 9, 2010 in India the Minister for the Environment imposed a moratorium on Bt eggplant that remains to this day. The battles that boiled up to create these laws reflect the global fight determining the fate of GE crops used in IPM programs.