A little orange spot or not: A systematic review of tribe Cirrospilini (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

A molecular review of Eulophidae with special reference to Tribe Cirrospilini (Eulophidae: Eulophinae) is presented, with notes on morphological characters used for identification.  Cirrospilus and Zagrammosoma species are highly variable in color, requiring the need for molecular analysis to determine differences among species.  Morphological characters previously used to distinguish the two genera are now seen across species in both genera, compounding the color variation problems.  Analysis of 28S D2, D3-5 and COI sequenced gene regions of eulophid specimens reveals a monophyletic Zagrammosoma, leaving Cirrospilus paraphyletic. Three clades of Cirrospilus are recovered: one containing species of Diglyphus and Diaulinopsis, one containing Aulogymnus and Dichatomus, and one containing only Cirrospilus. Generic limits based on morphology of Cirrospilus and Zagrammosoma will likely need to be redefined.