A review of fortuitous and intentional biological control releases on Guam

Guam’s location in the western Pacific Ocean and history as a transportation hub have facilitated the establishment of a variety of damaging non-native insect and plant pests on the island.  Biological control organisms evaluated for their use on Guam include the parasitoid, Adelencyrtus oceanicus Doutt (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), of the red coconut scale, Furcaspis oceanica Lindinger (Homoptera: Diaspididae); the parasitoid, Euplectrus maternus Bhatnagar (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), of the fruit-piercing moth, Eudocima (Othreis) fullonia Clerck (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); Acythopeus cocciniae O'Brien and Pakaluk and A. burkhartorum O’Brien (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Melittia oedipus Oberthür  (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) for control of Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt (Cucurbitaceae); and Cecidochares connexa Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata Rego Barros (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) for control of Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae).  These and other intentional and fortuitous biological control introductions on Guam are reviewed, with special attention to the control of C. odorata.  Updates are provided to these and to recent and ongoing biological control efforts, including post-release monitoring.