Performance attributes of insecticides on secondary pests of pome fruits

Secondary insect pests of pome fruits, such as rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini), and potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), can cause significant injury to apples and other pome fruit crops. Field efficacy trials and semi-field bioassays were used to describe the performance attributes of flupyradifurone, sufloxaflor and thiacloprid.  Rainfall simulation and residue analysis were used to measure the impact of precipitation on the performance of each compound. Differences in performance can provide insights into optimal spray programs for IPM programs.