Effect of climatic warming on the flight periods of Irish macro-moths

Global temperatures are increasing due to anthropogenic-driven climate change. This increase in temperature has been shown to effect the phenological phases of plants and birds in Ireland, but little is known about the effect on the phenophases of Irish insects. Observation records of the flight periods of 30 species of Irish macro-moths were obtained from a public monitoring group, MothsIreland. Observations from four individual recorders were analysed separately; with set locations in counties Donegal, Wicklow, Waterford and Cork. These individuals have been monitoring moth activity from seven to 30 years. Statistical analysis by generalized additive models (GAMs) showed that 16 out of 30 species are emerging earlier in the year now than when observation began and that 19 out of 30 species have a longer flight period now than when observations began. These changes are varied across the country and are correlated with temperature. We discuss what implications might be possible for these species, and potential mismatches with their food plants and predators with continued warming.