History, spread, and management of the emerald ash borer

The emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), was discovered in southeast Michigan in 2002 causing widespread ash (Fraxinus) mortality. It was probably introduced in wood packaging material associated with imports from China. Dendrochronological evidence suggests that A. planipennis was present in Michigan for approximately 10 years prior to detection. Since its discovery, A. planipennis has continued to spread and kill ash trees at an alarming rate. As of May 2010, the emerald ash borer has killed tens of millions of ash trees in Michigan, at least 13 additional U.S. states, and the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec. Federal quarantine regulations were implemented to minimize long-range artificial movement of ash; however, established infestations continue to expand and disperse naturally. Early efforts to eradicate isolated infestations were expensive and generally unsuccessful. Researchers have made considerable progress in developing survey tools and management tactics for A. planipennis. An overview will be presented on research toward developing an integrated management strategy including detection trees and artificial traps and lures, insecticide evaluations and recommendations, and the discovery, evaluation and release of natural enemies from Asia.