New directions in the management of Phyllophaga (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) grubs on Christmas tree plantations in Wisconsin

White grubs (larvae) of May/June beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) can be pests in a number of systems, including: turf and ornamentals, cranberries, field crops, nurseries, and Christmas tree farms. Christmas tree farms can be hit particularly hard by white grubs, as these soil-dwelling pests stealthily destroy roots and kill trees. Surprisingly, little research has been devoted to the management of May/June beetle larvae on Christmas tree farms. We have investigated the efficacy of newer control options, including entomopathogenic nematodes, to develop a better management strategy for Christmas tree growers. The results of the second year of a two-year field study are reported.