Determination of functional ecology indicators to defend the use of genetically modified corn

As the adoption of genetically modified (GMO) crops becomes increasingly widespread, objectors from the public and private sectors dispute the alleged positive environmental ramifications associated with their use. With the increasing prevalence of GMO corn (Bt and Roundup Ready) to produce the higher yields demanded by the conventional uses and the explosion of current and projected biofuel production, it is increasingly necessary to take a careful, science-based look at the use of GMO crops in an ecological impact framework. Functional ecology looks at patterns that indicate the condition and health of managed ecosystems. To begin a study of the functional ecology comparison between GMO and conventionally grown hybrid corn (refuge), 30 yellow sticky traps were deployed in nine spatially distinct corn fields in mid-Michigan during V1 (post emergence) and VT (tassel) corn growth stages. Each plot contained conventional hybrid and Bt corn planted side-by-side; 10 yellow sticky traps (23cmx19cm) were placed within the refuge row, 10 in a GMO row, and 10 in untilled headlands of native vegetation comprised primarily of grasses and broadleaf plants. Traps were removed after 30-40 DD base 100C and sixteen taxa of natural enemies were scored, recorded, and submitted to ANOVAs.