Genetic approaches enhance our understanding of the consumption of insects by forest-dwelling bats

Genetic techniques are becoming increasingly viable options for investigating food habits of cryptic predators. To compensate for the current lack of resolution regarding the food habits of forest-dwelling bats, we are investigating a genetic approach that will enhance our ability to identify dietary components relative to traditional morphological identification and will allow direct linkage of specific prey species to specific bat species. We have successfully extracted DNA in bat fecal samples using commercially-available reagent kits and protocols. Using universal insect primers, we have amplified multiple mitochondrial DNA fragments from the Cytochrome c Oxidase gene in fecal samples of northern bats, Myotis septentrionalis, captured in mist nets. Using a web-based basic local alignment and search tool, preliminary fecal samples most closely match existing entries for DNA sequences of Lepidoptera and Diptera. We are building a library of DNA sequences of moth species commonly occurring in our study areas, which will allow direct comparisons of DNA isolated from fecal samples with that of potential prey species. Additionally, our library will allow development of specific DNA primers, permitting direct comparison of genetic identification with morphological identification at a comparable level of resolution. Though our model predator is a commonly occurring species in eastern North America, numerous other bat species are of concern. As we further develop our techniques, this approach will increase our understanding of the trophic linkages between bats and insects, and provide a means of evaluating the effects of forest disturbance on bat populations, further enhancing attempts at stewardship and conservation.