Organic field experiments were conducted in Fall 2006 at the Citra Plant Science Research Unit in Florida to determine the effects of residual beneficial insect populations from cover crops onto cash crops, broccoli and squash. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with four replicates of seven treatments. Cover crop treatments included single-stand leguminous (sunn hemp and velvet bean), and graminaceous (pearl millet and sorghum sudan) plants, and legume-grass mixtures (sunn hemp/pearl millet, and sorghum sudan/velvet bean). These were incorporated into the soil, with fallow as a control. Broccoli and squash were planted following cover crop treatments. Sticky traps, pitfall traps, pan traps, leaf counts, and in situ visual counts, were used to assess key pests (aphids and whiteflies) and beneficials (coccinellids, carabids and parasitoids) in cover crops and cash crops. Lower numbers of aphids and whiteflies were recorded in graminaceous cover crops possibly implying that they are not good hosts for aphids and whiteflies. Pearl millet had the least aphids and whiteflies of all cover crop treatments, demonstrating its potential for use in IPM programs for suppressing these key pests. Both legume-grass mixtures suppressed pest populations better than a single-stand treatment. No significant differences were observed between any cover crop treatments for aphids or whiteflies in broccoli and squash, possibly due to edge effects from peripheral vegetation. Although graminaceous cover crops appear to have potential for controlling pest populations, reduced pest pressures in these cover crops did not translate to reduced pest pressures in subsequent cash crops.