Monday, December 11, 2006 - 11:11 AM
0303

A comparison of diets in spring alfalfa fields of coccinellids (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

L. Nicole Davidson, nicoled@biology.usu.edu and Edward Evans, ewevans@biology.usu.edu. Utah State University, Department of Biology, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT

Alfalfa fields comprise habitat in which several species of lady beetles coexist. Currently in Utah alfalfa the dominant species is Coccinella septempunctata, an introduced species. Several native species occur at low densities in these same alfalfa fields, though prior to the introduction and increase of C. septempunctata densities of native species were high. Of interest to this study is whether prey usage differs between these groups (C. septempunctata and three native species).  This guild of lady beetles is primarily aphidophagous, but has been shown to consistently use other food sources. When aphid densities are low, lady beetles must use an alternate prey source to survive.  In alfalfa, aphid prey densities fluctuate greatly throughout the growing season.  In spring alfalfa one alternative is the larval stage of the alfalfa weevil.  At the outset of the Spring 2004 growing season pea aphid densities were extremely low, and peaked at one aphid per stem (via stem counts) just before haying. Lady beetles were collected during the spring growing season prior to mowing. Frass was collected from each individual and was analyzed to determine prey usage.  Species differed in their usage of prey, with consistently higher percentages of C. septempunctata utilizing aphids throughout the season in comparison to native species.  Use of alfalfa weevils will be compared, as well as other food sources such as pollen and other arthropod prey.

 



Species 1: Coleoptera Coccinellidae Coccinella septempunctata (Sevenspotted Lady Beetle)
Species 2: Coleoptera Curculionidae Hypera postica (alfalfa weevil)
Species 3: Hemiptera Aphididae Acrythosiphon pisum (pea aphid)

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