A study was conducted to determine biodiversity indices of bacterial and fungal microflora associated with black imported/hybrid fire ants in Mississippi. Lower third portion of active mounds were collected from the following four environments: Oktibbeha County in October 2002 (environment 1), Clay County in November 2002 (environment 2), Lowndes County in December 2002 (environment 3), and Noxubee County in January 2003 (environment 4). Species richness, species diversity and coefficient of community of bacterial and fungal microflora isolated from fire ants, soil mounds, and plant debris within the mound were measured. Total species richness of bacteria and fungi were 58 and 26 , respectively. The most common bacterial and fungal taxa recovered were Chryseobacterium indologenes and Pythium, respectively. Species richness of bacteria and fungi in soil mound community were higher (53 and 22, respectively) compared to those of ant (16 and 17, respectively) and plant debris (8 and 21, respectively) community. Total species diversity of bacteria and fungi were 0.60 and 0.72, respectively. Species diversity of bacteria and fungi from soil mounds were greater (0.89 and 0.74, respectively) compared to those of ant (0.71 and 0.66) and plant debris (0.53 and 0.67, respectively) community. Coefficient of community (CC) was evaluated by comparing number of taxa common to ant-plant debris, ant-soil mound and soil mound-plant debris communities. The CC values for bacteria were 0.74, 0.77, and 0.79, respectively. The CC values for fungi were lower compared to those of bacteria (0.33, 0.35, and 0.23, respectively).