The subject of resistance to starvation stress has received a lot of attention in the last few years because the capacity of withstanding periods of scarce food resources is an important fitness trait and partially because the association with longevity. Starvation resistance in Drosophila melanogaster is a quantitative trait controlled by multiple interacting genes and exhibits considerable genetic variation in natural populations. Through QTL mapping, we found that one cytogenetic region (42D) was associated with increased starvation resistance and increased longevity. Another QTL on the third chromosome (73C) corresponded to starvation resistance and elevated lipid abundance. Besides, starvation resistant flies can live longer in normal condition and have more lipids. It appears that longevity and lipids are genetically and phenotypically related to starvation resistance. The genetic variation for starvation resistance could be maintained by strong selection on a trade-off in resource allocation between reproductive activity and individual survival. In this study, we used artificial selection for starvation resistance and investigated how D. melanogaster responds to starvation stress with behavioural and physiological changes. The goal is to understand mechanism underlying the evolution of starvation resistance and the genetically correlated effect on life history, behavioral and physiological traits.