Brazilian peppertree (BP), Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, was introduced into Florida from South America as an ornamental in the 1840s. It eventually escaped cultivation and is considered an aggressive invader of disturbed and natural areas in peninsular Florida. BP is a serious threat to the state’s biodiversity, especially over large areas of the Everglades where it is displacing native vegetation. In the 1980s, this invasive weed was targeted for classical biological control because of the extent of the infestation and the absence of native congeners in the continental USA. To date, three natural enemies have been studied in Brazil and in US quarantine. One of these has been recommended for field release by TAG and is currently undergoing an Environmental Assessment. In March 2006, a survey for additional natural enemies of BP was conducted in the Itapúa Province in southeastern Paraguay. A weevil identified as Apocnemidophorus sp. was collected from the plant at several locations. Adults resemble bird droppings and feed mainly on the upper surface of subterminal leaflets, where they produce a characteristic notching pattern. Adults were transported under permit to the Florida Biological Control Laboratory in Gainesville and caged on potted BP plants for biological and host range studies. Females deposit eggs in the twigs and larvae feed under the bark where they damage the vascular cambium. The stem boring habit suggests the weevil is a BP specialist and should protect the larvae from most biotic and abiotic mortality factors they are likely to encounter.