Billbugs (Sphenophorus spp.) are common pests whose damage is often misdiagnosed on turfgrass in the U.S. Florida turfgrass managers experiencing billbug outbreaks have been struggling to obtain satisfactory control using conventional insecticide applications. Thus, we have sought to identify the billbug species complex, describe the adult and larval activity periods, and develop an integrated pest management program for Florida golf courses. Adult billbug populations will be monitored weekly from January 2006 to September 2007 with four linear pitfall traps on each of two bermudagrass golf courses in southern Florida and two in north-central Florida. Soil samples (10 cm wide x 18 cm deep) are being collected monthly in 2006 and 2007 to collect all life stages and any billbug natural enemies. Hunting (S. vestitus) and uneven (S. inaequalis) billbugs constitute >95% of the specimens collected, and the remainder consists of eight other Sphenophorus spp. As many as 686 S. vestitus were collected during peak adult activity in April 2006 within a 24-hr sampling period on one course in southern Florida, but activity has been steady on the other three courses (<150 adult billbugs per 24-hr sample). The effect of two rates of two commercial varieties of overseeded endophyte-enhanced perennial ryegrass on billbug survival, the susceptibility of various zoysiagrass cultivars to billbug damage, as well as control using entomopathogenic nematodes and various insecticides, will be examined in late 2006 and 2007.