Cardinium is a symbiont lineage in the Bacteroidetes, distantly related to Wolbachia, an Alphaproteobacteria, in which multiple host reproductive manipulations have been discovered. In particular, Cardinium shares the reproductive manipulation phenotypes of parthenogenesis-induction (PI), cytoplasmic incompatibility, and feminization with Wolbachia. An open question is whether the functional similarities between these bacteria are due to convergence, or to lateral gene transfer of manipulation genes across these divergent taxa. We present data that suggests PI Cardinium is functionally different from PI Wolbachia. PI induction is generally restricted to haplodiploid systems, in which infected, incipient haploid (male) eggs are restored to diploidy, and develop as females. Diploidy restoration in PI Cardinium-infected Encarsia pergandiella appears to occur in meiosis, rather than in one of the first two mitotic divisions, as has been observed in hosts of PI Wolbachia.