Anna K. Fiedler, fiedlera@msu.edu and Doug A. Landis, landisd@msu.edu. Michigan State University, Entomology, 204 CIPS Bldg, East Lansing, MI
The use of plants to provide nectar and pollen to natural enemies via habitat management is well recognized. The most frequently used plant species in habitat management are typically annuals not native to the area of study. Perennial native plants, however, vary from region to region and often have no published record of attractiveness to natural enemies. We tested the hypotheses that 1) perennial native plant species were as attractive as annual native species, and 2) plant characteristics play a role in explaining differences in plant attractiveness. We compared natural enemy abundance at 43 perennial native Michigan plant species during summer 2004 and 2005. We found significant differences in the attractiveness of species in both years. Natural enemy numbers at perennial natives increased in 2005 and many were more attractive than previously recommended non-native annuals. We measured plant characteristics of all 48 plant species to determine which characteristics best explain variability in natural enemy abundance at each plant species. These included: week of peak bloom, maximum flower height, floral area within a plot, flower color, corolla depth, and corolla width. In both 2004 and 2005, multiple regressions showed that natural enemy numbers increased with peak bloom week (partial R2=0.50 and 0.30, respectively) and with floral area. This result suggests that within any given bloom period, selecting plants with the largest floral areas would simplify screening for highly attractive plants and could increase the effectiveness of habitat management.
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