Justin Vitullo, jvitullo@vt.edu, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Department of Entomology, 216 Price Hall, Blacksburg, VA, Christopher Bergh, cbergh@vt.edu, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Alson H. Smith, Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, 595 Laurel Grove rd, Winchester, VA, Aijun Zhang, zhanga@ba.ars.usda.gov, USDA-ARS, Plant Sciences Institute, Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Laboratory, Bldg. 007, Rm.312, BARC-West, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD, and Catharine M. Mannion, cmannion@ifas.ufl.edu, University of Florida, Tropical Research and Education Center, 18905 SW 280th Street, Homestead, FL.
The pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus Green, is a highly polyphagous pest that recently invaded Florida. Since the identification of its sex pheromone in 2004, the effectiveness of different pheromone trap designs for capturing males has not been evaluated. We deployed pheromone-baited green Delta, Pherocon IIB, Pherocon V, Jackson and Storgard Thinline traps in Homestead, FL and compared the number of male M. hirsutus captured, the number captured per unit of trapping surface area, the amount of extraneous material captured and the time taken to count trapped mealybugs. Although traps with larger trapping surfaces captured more males than those with smaller surfaces, Jackson traps captured as many or more males per cm2 of trapping surface as those with larger surfaces, and the time required to count males in Jackson traps was significantly less. All trap designs accumulated some debris and non-target insects, this was rated as light to moderate for all designs. Based on our measures of effectiveness and efficiency, our results suggest that the Jackson trap is most suitable for monitoring M. hirsutus populations. Additionally, only the sticky liners of Jackson traps require replacement, enhancing the efficiency of trap servicing. Currently, M. hirsutus infestations are identified visually by inspectors from the Division of Plant Industry. Given the large area of infestation, effective visual scouting of all sites at risk is virtually impossible, making pheromone based monitoring increasingly important. In 2006, a survey of M. hirsutus populations using Jackson traps was conducted at 40 sites around Homestead, FL where hibiscus plants were growing in the landscape. Between 25 May and 8 June, from 11 - 1320 M. hirsutus males were captured per site, including sites where there was no visible colonization or plant damage and those where biocontrol agents had been released previously by Division of Plant Industry personnel.
Species 1: Hemiptera Pseudococcidae
Maconellicoccus hirsutus (pink hibiscus mealybug)