The genus Trachyphloeomimus Champion presently contains 8 species from Mexico and Guatemala. Increased collecting throughout Central America has resulted in the discovery of more than 25 new species extending the distribution of the genus south into El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua and northern Costa Rica. Their center of diversity appears to be in the mountains of Mexico. A key to species, along with formal descriptions and photographs, illustrations and line drawings of important characters are presented. A phylogenetic analysis provides insight into the relationships of Trachyphloeomimus species and middle-American biogeography. Trachyphloeomimus specimens are rare in collections due to their cryptic habits and occurrence in high elevation forests.