Recent phylogenetic analysis of the pad characters has aided in resolving the question of the adhesive pad evolution and shows that these structures have evolved independently several times. The main goal of our studies is to understand how the attachment systems of insects work. Additionally, leg attachment pads are promising candidates for biomimetics of robot soles adapted for locomotion. Similar principles can be applied to the design of micro gripper mechanisms with an ability to adapt to a variety of surface profiles. Experimental data on bioinspired artificial systems demonstrated their excellent adhesion and high reliability of contact. Adhesion enhancement by division of the contact area has also been recently demonstrated experimentally. A patterned surface, made out of polyvinylsiloxane, has significantly higher adhesion on a glass surface than a smooth sample made out of the same material. Recently, the first robot with the ability to walk on the vertical smooth glass using the bioinspired adhesive surfaces was designed.