Two federally funded grants (RAMP and IFAFS) focused on developing and implementing technologies that would transform pest management programs in western orchards. These grants had many objectives, some of which are touched upon by other participants in this symposium. This presentation focuses on results of a study, which used codling moth (CM), Cydia pomonella (L.), mating disruption as a foundational element supplemented with a CONV program that included organophosphate and carbamate insecticides or a novel No-OP program that replaced broad-spectrum insecticides with more selective alternatives. Paired comparisons were conducted at 15 orchards locations. There was no difference between programs in damage by the key pest, CM, over three years (2001-2003) of the study. Fruit injury from other pests, especially leafrollers, was also not different between with two programs. The average number of insecticide applications and the total cost of insecticides were very similar between the two supplemental programs. Indirect pests were monitored in all orchards. There was no difference in densities of these pests between the programs. Over a three-year period a pheromone-based pest management program relying on alternatives to organophosphate insecticides economically managed key pests without resulting in increased problems with secondary pests. What remains unclear is if these programs can be sustained over a longer period. Some of the OP alternatives have been shown to stimulate secondary pests and there are gaps in controls of certain pests that would challenge a No-OP program. Industry support for RAMP grants has been excellent.