Entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) have been studied as microbial control agents for more than seven decades. A variety of successes have been achieved including the development of mass production techniques and suppression of a variety of economically important pests. However, a number of factors continue to limit the expansion of these biocontrol agents. New approaches are required to overcome these hurdles. Some of the emerging directions that will advance entomopathogenic nematology in biological control as well as in other disciplines include improved production, formulation, and application methods, discovery of new nematode species and targets, genetic improvement and genomic studies, and progressive studies in ecology and conservation.