The tribe Rhodniini of the subfamily Triatominae is composed of two genera : Rhodnius and Psammolestes. Both of these genera are involved in transmitting Chagas´disease. Currently, the genus Rhodnius contains 16 described species, the majority of which are associated to palm trees throughout the Americas. Some of them are also known to colonize houses in Central and South America. These species are captured frequently in the wild, and usually show high infection rates with Trypanosoma cruzi (the Chagas´ disease agent). In the palm trees they are able to develop high population densities and have a strong capacity to disperse. Among the numerous palm trees of the Americas, the Attalea complex seems to be an important ecological indicator of the spatial distribution of Rhodnius spp. The Attalea complex contains the closely related genera Attalea, Maximiliana, Orbignya and Scheelea and they seem to be particulary associated with human activity (rural and/or urban colonization, palm oil production). In zones of intensive deforestation they can develop into dense palm tree forests, like for instance in central Panama (Attalea butyracea, which is associated to Rhodnius pallescens). We will present temporal and spatial data, elucidating the interaction of human activity, the Attalea complex, the vectors (Rhodnius spp.) and the epidemiology of Chagas´disease throughout the Americas. Among other things, our data show, that the behavior of the vectors and the epidemiology of Chagas´disease is strongly linked to human social dynamics, which creates a new anthropoecosystem and to seasonal climatic influences.