Populations of euonymus scale and its parasitoid, Encarsia citrina (Craw), were monitored in an experimental landscape to determine how surrounding plants with flowers affected population dynamics. Early results indicate that scale populations surrounded by flowers have higher rates of parasitism and slower rates of population growth. Euonymus plantings that lack flowers had higher rates of overwintering mortality than those without flowers. To determine how pesticides could be used in ways that minimize impacts on Encarsia citrina, we examined the seasonal phenology of Encarsia citrina adult flight periods in relation to crawler activity. These results are discussed in the context of a greenhouse study that examined impacts of pesticides on the mortality of euonymus scale and Encarsia citrina.
Species 1: Homoptera Diaspididae Unaspis euonymi (euonymus scale)
Species 2: Hymenoptera Aphelinidae Encarsia citrina
Keywords: biological control, floral resources
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