Opportunities and limitations in commodity checkoff programs’ involvement in Bt resistance management

Each Commodity Checkoff program is funded through mandatory grower assessments placed the commodity produced in each year. As part of the Research and Promotion Acts, there are specific restrictions on how checkoff funds can be used with oversight and guidance provided by USDA-AMS. This funding model creates some limitations in how checkoff programs can be involved in Bt resistance management but also offers a number of opportunities.