Trunk injection of systemic pesticides for control of apple pests

Pesticides were trunk-injected into apple trees for control of foliar insect pests. Several commerically-available insecticides and injection tools were compared. Obliquebanded leafroller bioassays were conducted to assess efficacy. Residue samples and field evaluations were contucted to monitor movement of pesticides and effects on foliar pests, including spotted tentiform leafminer and potato leafhopper. Nectar samples were taken to assess potential impacts to pollinators.