Reproduction by parasitized aphids: just a drop in the bucket or enough to make a splash?

Most models of host-parasitoid interactions disregard reproduction by parasitized individuals.  This is reasonable, since most parasitioids attack immature hosts and prevent them from reproducing.  However, many aphids (and other adult stage or hemimetabolous hosts) can continue to reproduce after being parasitized.  Furthermore, some parasitized aphids or their offspring may even have higher fecundity than non-parasitized aphids, as has been recently reported previously.  Here, we present a model we used to investigate the effects of post-parasitism reproduction in aphids.  We used both realistic parameters for soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) as well as hypothetical aphid parameters to determine thresholds and stability.  Implications for biological control will be discussed.