Ecological characteristics and environment-friendly control strategies of the 28-spotted larger potato ladybird, Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in the Chinese boxthorn field

The 28-spotted larger potato ladybird, Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata is generally very similar to other ladybugs but we can distinguish a hemispherical hairy body and elytra with 28 black spots. They are mainly distributed in the Asian including Korea, Japan, Taiwan, China, Sakhalin and eastern Siberia. Host plants of the 28-spotted larger potato ladybird are known as Solanaceae plants such as potato, tomato, eggplant and Chinese boxthorn. Both adults and larvae of the 28-spotted larger potato ladybird eat the leaves that make a net-shaped ankertrass and then if the damage is severe, leaving only the veins. Recently, population density of the 28-spotted larger potato ladybird was increased by global warming and trend of increasing environment-friendly cultivation. However, carbaryl (Sevin®) is the only chemical control agent that currently registered in Korea. Thus, over the past 40 years has been used consistently. In addition, many farms are neglected the pest control because they have confused the 28-spotted larger potato ladybird and ladybugs. Therefore, in this study we investigated the development lead-time, and seasonal occurrences in the field of Chinese boxthorn under environment-friendly management, and control effect of eco-friendly agricultural materials (EFAMs) derived from plant, for try to find the environmental friendly control strategy.