Temporal patterns of the apple bloom impacts the abundance and diversity of native bees

Commercial fruit and vegetable agriculture is dependent on bees for pollination services.  In the following study, we investigated native bee abundance and diversity in Georgia apple orchards over the entire growing season with special emphasis on the apple bloom during four years.  2010 was a traditional apple bloom dominated byAndrena species.  In 2011 and 2012, the apple bloom occurred 2 to 4 weeks early.  During these blooms, much lower Andrena species were present; however, greater abundances of Osmia species and other non-Andrena bees were documented. In 2013, the apple bloom was 2-3 weeks later than the traditional bloom.  Interestingly, diversity and abundance were much higher in all groups than in the previous years.  Previous year abundances had a significant affect on the subsequent year`s diversity and abundances.  In order to use native pollinators successfully in commercial agriculture, we need to gain a better understanding of these dynamic systems.  Since natural systems are subject to different weather patterns each year, farmers should use a range of native bee species in order to insure successful pollination of their crops.