Field survey of insecticide resistance and cross-resistance in the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)

Results from an annual survey of insecticide resistance levels in the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, from citrus groves across the state of Florida will be presented. Insecticides tested represent several important chemistries currently employed to control populations of this insect pest, as well as several new compounds expected to be registered for use on citrus in the near future. These new chemistries, sulfoxaflor (Dow AgroSciences) and flupyradifurone (Bayer CropSciences), are insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists and are thus considered to be Group 4 insecticides by the Insect Resistance Action Committee. Resistance against another Group 4 insecticide, imidacloprid, has been on the rise in previous annual surveys in several populations of D. citri across the state. Because of the shared target site, potential cross-resistance of these new insecticides was investigated in D. citri populations with high levels of imidacloprid resistance based on mortality data and general esterase, glutathione S-transferase, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activity.