Contrasting diversification patterns for two Hawaiian noctuid lineages (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

A major goal of evolutionary biology is understanding how species diversify. Phylogenetic patterns are an important source of data for understanding the dynamics of diversification. Here, we contrast the patterns of diversification in two diverse lineages of noctuid moths endemic to the Hawaiian archipelago. Using molecular data from the mitochondrial gene CO1 and the nuclear genes EF1a and RPS5 under Bayesian models, we inferred the relationships between 49 individuals of Agrotis, and 51 of Haliophyle from various new species. Agrotis is a globally widespread genus and the most diverse noctuid lineage in Hawaii. They are morphologically diverse with a broad range of hostplant specificities. In our analysis, there are at least 13 genetic units in 4 main clades. Two clades show what seems to be a classic pattern of adaptive radiation, while the others are represented by only one species. Haliophyle is a Hawaiian endemic, morphologically homogeneous, and poorly known. Our analysis suggests at least 10 genetic units in a main clade, and a recent explosive diversification. There appears to be incomplete lineage sorting on the island of Hawaii (the youngest island). By comparing the history of these two groups, we show that there is a contrast in the mode and tempo of diversification across the archipelago.