Mass-production of tachinid parasitoids

Dipteran parasitoids (especially Tachinidae) comprise a number of species of interest for applied biological control and, as a consequence, mass production. Although they are underestimated and often forgotten in biocontrol strategies, several studies concerning their rearing technology have been carried out. The purpose of the chapter devoted to this topic  is to review the work done on these parasitoids and bring them to light. Some examples of species implicated in biological control are presented in the first section. Subsequently, the most important aspects of their biology relevant for rearing  are described. In vivo and in vitro rearing techniques are considered in another section, from different points of view, such as host type (natural vs. alternative) and age, infestation mode, abiotic conditions, parasitoid nutritional needs and continuous in vitro culture. Adult maintenance, quality control, storage and shipment procedures are also discussed. Finally, some perspectives are presented with the aim of stimulating new ideas for research efforts on the mass-culture of dipteran parasitoids.