Switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L., is being investigated as a potential biofuel crop for ethanol production in South Carolina. Research on the production of switchgrass as a biofuel crop has mainly involved breeding for improved biomass yield, and developing practices for nitrogen fertilization, weed control, and harvest. Insects, however, have only been sparsely studied, and their impact on switchgrass yield has not been reported. Field experiments were initiated to investigate the temporal and spatial distribution of insects in switchgrass and to evaluate the impact of insect herbivores on yield, using a soil-incorporated nematicide/insecticide at planting and seasonal foliar applications of insecticide. Several sampling techniques were used to monitor insects throughout the season. Identification of key pest species will allow future research to focus on developing appropriate control tactics.