Maintaining populations of pollinating alkali bees, Nomia melanderi and/or alfalfa leafcutting bees, Megachile rotundata, is crucial for alfalfa seed production. It is a delicate balance for growers who must control pest Lygus bugs, Lygus Hesperus while trying to preserve pollinators. Two key components of IPM in alfalfa seed are managing pesticide resistance and protecting pollinators. We have designed an experimental protocol to test bee pesticide safety. Subsequently, a series of insecticides and miticides have been screened for their toxicity to leafcutting and alkali bees. Treatments included bifenazate (Acramite), naled (Dibrom), thiamethoxam (Actara), fenpyroximate (Fujimite), abamectin (Agrimek) with oil, HGW 86 10% SC, acetamiprid (Assail), spiromesifen (Oberon), flonicamid (Beleaf), imidacloprid (Provado), thiacloprid (Calypso), novaluron (Rimon), bifenthrin (Capture), etoxazole (Zeal), and propargite (Comite). Exposure of bees to 1-hour residues has documented that all the pesticide treatments listed above except bifenthrin caused less than 25% mortality to bees. Experience has demonstrated that pesticides that cause less then 25% mortality with field-aged, 1-hour residues can be applied during evening or night with little hazard to bees.