David W. McNutt, dmcnutt@bio.fsu.edu, Amber L. Lefstead, all04e@fsu.edu, and Nora Underwood, nunderwood@bio.fsu.edu. Florida State University, Biological Science, Conradi Building, Tallahassee, FL
Induced defenses in plants are activated in response to herbivory or other cues. While these defenses are generally considered to be co-evolved responses to specific herbivores, they also act to indirectly link multiple herbivores that may be separated spatially or temporally. The perennial plant Solanum carolinense, native to the eastern U.S., is commonly attacked by several herbivores, including the specialist lepidopteran Manduca sexta and the specialist coleopteran Leptinotarsa juncta. In a multi-factor experiment, we investigated the induced response of several lines of S. carolinense to both of these insects by comparing the growth rates of L. juncta and M. sexta larvae on control (no damage) and herbivore damaged ( by L. juncta and M. sexta) plants. Results indicate that prior feeding by both Manduca and Leptinotarsa larvae had a negative effect on Leptinotarsa relative growth rate, while prior feeding by Manduca larvae, but not Leptinotarsa larvae, negatively affected Manduca growth rate. However, this pattern varied across different plant genotypes. Thus, these two herbivores may interact indirectly by affecting the quality of their host plant through the induction of defenses, and this interaction is asymmetrical. The differential response of M. sexta and L. juncta is possibly due to differential chemical induction of the plant or digestive physiology of the two herbivores.
Species 1: Coleoptera Chrysomelidae
Leptinotarsa juncta (false potato beetle)
Species 2: Lepidoptera Sphingidae
Manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm)
Species 3: Solanales Solanaceae
Solanum carolinense (carolina horsenettle)