In Western production agriculture, Lygus spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) have at times caused major losses to cotton, vegetables, seed crops, and a variety of other crops. However, the economic impact of this pest remains largely undocumented in most crops. Two major sources of data were used to quantify the economic impact of Lygus in low-desert upland cotton production in Arizona. First, a Pesticide Use Reporting database was derived from user reports to the Arizona Department of Agriculture entered by the USDA’s Arizona office of the National Agricultural Statistics Service. They provided five year’s worth (2001-2005) of custom and aerial application records statewide, representing the majority of insecticide use in cotton (due to state reporting requirements). Secondly, data were derived from an annual “Cotton Insect Losses” survey of cotton Pest Control Advisors (PCAs) that has been ongoing for 28 years. Both data sources include information on the target pest for insecticide applications, making it possible to single out Lygus control efforts. An analysis of these data provides important baseline information on the current economic impact of Lygus in Arizona cotton and will help us document future changes due to the introduction of new control strategies (e.g., Carbine, starting in 2007) or landscape-level changes, such as the introduction of new crops.