In April 2003, we surveyed 165 (=1320 colonies) randomly selected sites across Louisiana for the presence of red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) with the goal of determining the distribution and abundance of the two S.invicta social forms (monogyne: one queen per nest; polygyne: multiple queens per nest) in the state. At each site, we established a 0.05 ha plot, determined the density and size of S. invicta colonies, collected an ant sample from a maximum of 10 colonies, and took a soil and a vegetation sample. In the laboratory, a polymerase chain reaction assay capable of distinguishing the two alleles of the Gp-9 gene was used to determine the social form of each nest. Our results suggest that most (85%, n=1320) colonies were monogyne and that polygyny was much rarer (15%, n=1320). Most sites (81%, n=162; three sites had no ants) were comprised of a single social form (monogyne only=124 sites; polygyne only=8) while only 19% (n=162) of sites had both social forms. Sites that consisted only of monogyne colonies typically had fewer but larger nests than sites with only polygyne colonies. Sites with both social forms were intermediate in terms of colony density and size. Sites with at least one polygyne nest were located at random with respect to one another. Correlative relationships between S. invicta polygyny and meteorology, habitat characteristics and soil chemistry will also be discussed.