Brome Mosaic Virus (BMV) was first detected in Henry County, Alabama on wheat in 2002. It was detected in three more counties in 2003 and in eight counties in 2004, indicating it was becoming established in all wheat growing regions of the state. There are contradictory reports in the literature as to how the virus is being spread. One possible host is the nematode Xiphinema spp. while other possible hosts have been reported as beetles. This study was conducted to determine which of these are involved in the spread of virus. Flea beetles, Phyllotreta spp. were collected from different wheat fields all throughout the state and these were allowed to feed on BMV (Oklahoma strain) infected wheat plants under greenhouse conditions. The flea beetles were able to transmit the virus from infected wheat plants to healthy wheat plants indicating that they could vector the virus. Soil samples were collected from one wheat variety trial in central Alabama twice a month from October to May and other fields throughout the state monthly during the growing season. Nematodes were extracted with sugar flotation and identified. Even though plant parasitic nematodes were detected in all samples, no Xiphinema spp. was found in relation to any wheat field.