J. Howard Frank, jhf@mail.ifas.ufl.edu and Norman C. Leppla, NCLeppla@ifas.ufl.edu. University of Florida, Entomology and Nematology, PO Box 110620, Gainesville, FL
Scapteriscus mole crickets became the worst pests of Florida’s turf and pastures within a few decades after their arrival from southern South America beginning in 1899. Chemicals were the only means of controlling these pests until the late 1980s. Then, three biological control agents were introduced from South America and released in northern Florida. Larra bicolor (F.), from Bolivia, was observed to be established by late 1993, and its populations are spreading slowly. They are documented now to be present in 23 of Florida’s 67 counties, as well as in southern Georgia and coastal Mississippi, by natural spread and by satellite releases. Undoubtedly they occupy many more Florida counties. The problem in recording their presence has been that the wasps are not readily observed except when they occur numerously on flowers of suitable nectar-source plants. Planting of Spermacoce verticillata (L.) (Rubiaceae), a favored nectar source, recruits adult wasps present in any area and makes their presence obvious. Such plantings may also serve as ‘wasp gardens’, equivalent to butterfly gardens, to retain and sustain local wasp populations and suppress local populations of pest mole crickets. Botanists have decreed the common name of the genus Spermacoce to be “false buttonweed”, which hardly makes S. verticillata seem to be a desirable plant worthy of planting even for such a cause as to promote L. bicolor populations to suppress pest mole crickets. May we entomologists coin our own ‘common’ name for S. verticillata as horticulturists have done for plants that they want to promote?
Species 1: Hymenoptera Sphecidae
Larra bicolorSpecies 2: Orthoptera Gryllotalpidae
Scapteriscus (mole cricket)
Keywords: biocontrol