A phylogenetic analysis of sixteen moon moth species was conducted using morphology, behavior, and molecules. Morphological and behavioral data comprised of 93 characters from the larva, pupa, and adult of all ingroup species and two outgroups. Molecular data included 2,662 nucleotides from elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-a) and dopa decarboxylase (DDC) protein coding nuclear genes of six ingroups and the two outgroups. Data types were analyzed separately, compared, and combined. The total evidence analysis resulted in six most parsimonious trees and the strict consensus resolved the following generic relationships: (outgroups (Argema (Graellsia + Actias))). Character evolution reveals that the posture at which hindwing tails are held evolved from an ancestral state in which tails were crossed before becoming parallel. The short hindwing tail evolved once and lengthened at least twice in separate moon moth lineages.