Transgenic crops containing pesticidal traits are regulated by EPA under the Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act. The EPA has declared crops engineered to contain a bacterial gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) to be “in the public good,” due to their potential to create higher crop yield with lower applications of insecticide. It is important that crop management practices offer the best control over all threats and unexpected outcomes. USEPA Office of Research & Development has organized though collaboration with National Aeronautics and Space Administration and U.S. Department of Agriculture, a research program focused on issues important to the improvement of current resistance management practices and new ways for management improvement. New monitoring program designs, resistance management simulation model development and testing, and the standardization of toxicity assays to determine pest resistance are the new areas under development as part of this extensive research effort.