Angel N. Torres, atorres@inia.gov.ve, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas, Carretera Rubio-Delicias, Bramón, Táchira, Venezuela and María A. Pacheco, mapacheco@hotmail.com, Universidad del Táchira, Ave. Universidad, Paramillo, San Cristóbal, Táchira, Venezuela.
Three strains of entomopathogenic nematodes were evaluated for controlling coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolitynae). Two of the strains were obtained from the EPN Lab, Department of Entomology, OARDC/OSU, USA: Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Hp88) and Steinernema carpocapsae (Sc All); the other one was a native Heterorhabditis sp. (Hbr) strain found in a coffee plantation in Táchira, Venezuela. A field experiment was conducted under the canopy of coffee plants using a completely randomized design with 4 treatments (3-EPN strains and a control) and 4 replicates. Each replicate consisted of 3 cylinders, 20 cm diamater and 15 cm high, made of PVC, and containing approximately 500 g of a mixture of sterilized sand and vermicompost. In each cylinder, 6,200 IJs were sprayed with water, equivalent to 2 billion IJs per hectare. Borer mortality was estimated 8 days after treatments were applied. Results indicate a significant effect of the entomopathogenic nematode strains on coffee berry borer, killing larvae and adults (F=15.74; df=3, 12; P=0.0002 and F=7.99; df=3, 12; P=0.0034; respectively), compared with the control. The native strain caused the greatest mortality of larvae and all the borer stages as a group (Tukey’s HSD, a=0.05), with 44% mortality of larvae and 29.73% mortality of adults. The EPN’s have great potential to be included in a sound IPM program for controlling coffee berry borer, especially for controlling the borer stages that remain in infested berries that fall to the ground. Adults emerging from those berries will infest the following harvest if they are not controlled.
Species 1: Coleoptera Curculionidae
Hypothenemus hampei (Coffee berry borer)
Species 2: Rhabditida Heterorhabditidae
Heterorhabditis bacteriophoraSpecies 3: Rhabditida Steinernematidae
Steinernema carpocapsaeKeywords: Entomopathogenic nematodes, IPM