Reported are the results of a four-year study in arthropod pest control in nine commercial apple orchards in western North Carolina to assess the effects of reduced-risk insecticides on pest and natural enemy populations. Growers applied all pesticides and at each study site the reduced risk insecticide plot was compared to a conventional plot. Reduced risk plots were treated with the nicotinoids imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid and thiacloprid; the oxadiazine indoxacarb, the biological based insecticide spinosad, the insect growth regulators methoxyfenozide and pyriproxyfen; and pheromone mating disruption sprays and ties. Conventional plots were treated with broad-spectrum organophosphate, carbamate and pyrethroid insecticides. Aphids and spider mites, and their natural enemies were evaluated through the growing season. Pests that caused direct fruit damage included apple maggot, internal lepidopterans, plumb curculio, plant bug, and Comstock mealybug. The cost of reduced-risk and conventional pest management programs were calculated at all locations.