The members of the Lepidopteran family Cossidae have been found to possess paired, glandular tubercles, present on abdominal tergites 2-8 in the adult moths. These organs apparently have never been observed in any insect, including Lepidoptera. The Dudgeoneidae, the other family within the superfamily Cossoidea, also have similar structures, but it is unclear whether they are glandular. These tubercles possibly constitute an autapomorphy for the Cossoidea, thereby providing further support for the grouping of Cossidae and Dudgeoneidae. Upon further examination of other Lepidopteran families, similar tubercles have been found in 6 other Lepidopteran families, but these do not appear to be glandular and would therefore not be homologous to those in the Cossidae.