Andrew D. Graves, grav0083@umn.edu1, Edward H. Holsten, eholsten@fs.fed.us2, Mark E. Ascerno, mascerno@umn.edu1, and Steven J. Seybold, ssseybold@fs.fed.us3. (1) University of Minnesota, Department of Entomology, 219 Hodson Hall, 1980 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, MN, (2) Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, 3301 'C' Street, Suite 202, Anchorage, AK, (3) Chemical Ecology of Forest Insects, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 720 Olive Drive, Suite D, Davis, CA
Field bioassays of verbenone and conophthorin, potential
interruptive semiochemicals of the northern spruce engraver, Ips perturbatus, were conducted in
south-central and interior Alaska
in stands of Lutz spruce, Picea xlutzii, and
white spruce, P. glauca,
respectively. Results from these studies
showed that 84%-(-)-verbenone and racemic
trans-conophthorin acted
synergistically to significantly reduce the response of I.
perturbatus to attractant-baited Lindgren funnel traps. Three associated subcortical
insects, Pityophthorus nitidulus (Mannerheim), P. recens Bright (both Scolytidae),
and Lasconotus borealis Horn (Colydiidae)
were attracted to traps baited with treatments containing conophthorin. An associate, the predator Rhizophagus dimidiatus Mannerheim (Rhizophagidae),
responded significantly to all treatments containing the I.
perturbatus attractant.
There was no evidence that verbenone attracted any associated subcortical insects, so field application of the
conophthorin/verbenone interruptant is not likely to cause a replacement
infestation by another stem-attacking insect. During the summer of 2004,
five treatment groups of P. xlutzii (Kenai Peninsula) and P. glauca (Fairbanks)
were established to test the efficacy of the interruptant semiochemicals in
preventing tree mortality. Treatments
were replicated ten times and included unbaited and
attractant-baited trees with or without verbenone and conophthorin, and a fifth
treatment investigating the attractiveness of trees that had been previously
stressed by application of Vapam. Preliminary results indicate that the
combination of verbenone and conophthorin is effective in protecting standing
trees from attack by I. perturbatus in Alaska.
Species 1: Coleoptera Scolytidae
Ips perturbatus (northern spruce engraver)
Species 2: Coleoptera Rhizophagidae
Rhizophagus dimidiatusSpecies 3: Coleoptera Colydiidae
Lasconotus borealisKeywords: Semiochemicals, Behavioral interruption
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