Jasmonic acid (JA) is a plant signaling compound that triggers induced resistance (IR) to a broad range of arthropod herbivores. JA-dependent defenses are known to reduce the growth and survivorship of many chewing insects, but their impact on piercing-sucking insects such as aphids has not been extensively studied. This study used a foliar application of synthetic JA to activate IR in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), and compared the performance of the potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) on unsprayed leaves of plants with and without treatment. The short-term population growth of the potato aphid was reduced on plants treated with JA. To investigate the basis for this effect, this study also evaluated the impact of JA-defenses on individual adults and progeny. IR significantly reduced longevity and net reproduction of adult aphids, but did not affect their daily reproduction rates. JA-dependent defenses also reduced the number of juveniles to survive to maturity, but did not impact juvenile development time. The results from these experiments indicate that JA application induces systemic defenses that have a direct negative effect on the potato aphid. The average honeydew excretion per aphid was comparable on plants with and without JA treatment, indicating that JA application did not deter feeding. This suggests that the effect of JA on aphid performance was due to anti-digestive and/or toxic factors. These results expand our understanding of the effects of JA-dependent defenses on piercing-sucking insects, and indicate that artificial induction of JA could be used to control potato aphids in agricultural systems.