Bartonella species are emerging bacterial zoonoses. Two properties in Sonoma County, California were chosen where the occupants have past documented exposure to tick-borne disease. In an effort to examine the infection and coinfection prevalence of
Bartonella species,
Borrelia burgdorferi, and
Anaplasma phagocytophilum in rodents and ectoparasites on these properties, questing ticks were collected biweekly for a year from ecotone and leaf litter habitats by flagging and rodents were trapped biweekly for one year. Forty-three rodents were captured consisting of 22
Peromyscus maniculatus, 8
Peromyscus boylii, 5
Peromyscus truei, and 8
Neotoma fuscipes. From each of these animals, an ear punch biopsy was taken for
Borrelia culture; they were then bled and checked for ectoparasites. Ectoparasites were cultured for
Borrelia and
Bartonella infection. One-hundred-and-four live
Ixodes pacificus adults have been culture tested for
Borrelia and
Bartonella infection. None of the rodent ear punch biopsy or tick cultures was culture positive for
Borrelia burgdorferi. Fifty-seven (54%) tick samples were presumptively culture positive for
Bartonella infection and are currently awaiting PCR confirmation. That we know of, this is the first attempt to culture
Bartonella from ticks and the first one to examine links between
Bartonella,
B. burgdorferi, and
A. phagocytophilum infectivities in rodents and questing ticks. Furthermore, laboratory transmission experiments with
Peromyscus mice, rodent-borne
Bartonella, and two species of hard ticks (
Ixodes pacificus and
Dermacentor occidentalis) are being performed to further elucidate the question, “Are ticks vectors of
Bartonella?”